Codes and Notes on Public International Law - 10497 Words

CODES AND NOTES ON PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW by PORFERIO JR. and MELFA SALIDAGA NOTES ON PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES Nature and Scope Public International Law – It is the body of rules and principles that are recognized as legally binding and which govern the relations of states and other entities invested with international legal personality. Formerly known as â€Å"law of nations† coined by Jeremy Bentham in 1789. Three Major Parts of Public International Law 1. Laws of Peace – normal relations between states in the absence of war. 2. Laws of War – relations between hostile or belligerent states during wartime. 3. Laws of Neutrality – relations between a non-participant state and a participant state during wartime.†¦show more content†¦Art. X, Sec. 2(2) provides that â€Å"all cases involving the constitutionality of any treaty, executive agreement or law shall be heard and decided by the Supreme Court en banc, and no treaty, executive agreement or law may be declared unconstitutional without the concurence of ten justices.† The Constitution authorizes the nullification of a treaty not only when it conflicts with the Constitution but also when it runs counter to an act of Congress. (Gonzales v. Hechanova). CODES AND NOTES ON PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW by PORFERIO JR. and MELFA SALIDAGA Basis of Public International Law Three theories on this matter: 1. The Naturalist – under this theory, there is a natural and universal principle of right and wrong, independent of any mutual intercource or compact, which is supposed to be discovered and recognized by every individual through the use of his reason and his conscience. 2. The Positivist – under this theory, the binding force of international law is derived from the agreement of sovereign states to be bound by it. It is not a law of subordination but of coordination. 3. The Eclectics or Groatians – this theory offers both the law of nature and the consent of states as the basis of international law. It contends that the system of international law is based on the â€Å"dictate of rightShow MoreRelatedUnethical Business Practices Of Multinational Companies1512 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper discusses the unethical business practices of multinational companies, which have become a concern on a national and international level. While the convergence of accounting standards remains a challenge, so has a set of ethical standards. The need for a global set of standards has become paramount over the last decade. Through my extensive review and research of literature, there appears to be an ongoing need for convergence. The study concludes that through cooperative effortsRead MoreCorporate Business Behavior in Germany1252 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness and international trade. While Germany had, in the past, been recognized as a model for personal and business ethics, it was a little more than fifteen years ago that their clean image began to show signs of wear. It is hard to know for sure, though, if it is a case of new issues with ethics, or if globalization is simply shedding a new light on an age old problem. It seems feasible, to me, that businesses have been dealing with their own issues without allowing the public to have knowledgeRead MoreBackground And Legislative Framework : Australia1453 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working Group on Bribery and a party to the key international conventions concerned with combating foreign bribery. Australia is a party to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (the Anti-Bribery Convention). Australia is also a party to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC)Read MoreConstitutional Jurisdiction of the United Kingdom1029 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Law evolved through judge made laws and jurist activity cannot be denied. It is a fact that the English common law has its roots in the Roman Common Law. (Allison, 2000, p. 37) However the Roman lawyers did not distinguish between private and public law and jurisprudence. Evolving law: Difference between the legislated law, codified and the common law is that while the legislated law may be subject to interpretation by the judiciary, the judiciary cannot make laws or modify the codes. InRead MoreCosta Rica s Law And The Civil Law1659 Words   |  7 Pages Costa Rica’s laws are rooted in civil law rather than the common law to which Americans are accustomed. Civil law can trace its origins back to the time of the Roman Empire, which served as the foundation for the Napoleonic codes passed during the French Revolution. The Spanish law code upon which Costa Rica’s laws are based is rooted in those Napoleonic codes due to Napoleon’s acquisition of numerous countries that included Spain (Costa Rica civil law, n.d.). Laws in the country of Costa Rica areRead MoreCorporate Fraud And The Effective Management Of Accounting And Finance Functions1679 Words   |  7 Pageswithin these two categories lies deontology and utilitarianism, both of which play an important role relating to ethics in accounting and finance. What is Deontology? 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Copyright rises when an individualRead MoreInternational Auditing Standards And Standards1522 Words   |  7 Pages International Auditing Standards Put your name here Put the name of your school / university here United States of America In the United States, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) works as an independent body, setting standards for auditing under the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). The IAASB establishes the best quality auditing, quality control, assurance, and related services in order to ensure uniformity of practice by professionals allRead Morecorruption : the international evolution Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿CASE N °2  «Ã‚  Corruption: The international evolution of new management challenges â€Å" School year 2013 - 2014 Introduction Since the phenomenon of globalization, companies that decided to broaden their horizons have to face multiple challenges and their management functions need some adaptations. While going abroad, companies may become concerned with the subject of corruption that makes the business with foreign countries even more complicated. Even if there is a willingness to fight and reduceRead MoreInternational Business Machine s Ethical Problems1505 Words   |  7 Pages One of International Business Machine’s ethical problems was bribing a few government officials in a foreign country. This business was investigated over allegations made by South Korea and Chinese government officials. They received about two hundred thousand and seven hundred dollars in bribes from 1998 to 2003. In return, the Chinese and South Koreans hand over contracts for computer gear to International Business Machines. All though IBM did not admit to the allegations, they did paid the ten

Bad Media - 2732 Words

For centuries ago, violence has been an entertainment success, drawing the greatest capacity of crowds gathering from afar, to see men and women of great strength and skill compete in violence. From the prisoners of war and crime in ancient Rome, collaborated in armor and dwelled with blood-thirsty weapons thrown into the great Coliseum to fight for their lives. As thousands of jubilant peasants and civil men watched, and screamed like barbarians as these beings thrashed and slashed for their own well-being, to live to see their family and friends and to live just one more day. Even now today, our most enjoyable and seen entertainment is of the violent nature. People have begun to watch football and wrestling religiously. As in comparison,†¦show more content†¦Television began putting out famous western movies, along with different war movies depicting World War 1. Kids wanted to be just like the star on the T.V.; whether it is their favorite GI, or John Wayne gunning down b ad guys. Yet the start of the classics, were nearly a smash hit compared to the gory glorified movies of the 2000’s. During recent times we have sported some of the most vulgar, violent images to reach the scream of the Television. Some of the goriest movies: Saw, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, Saving Private Ryan. It’s not just that we have been the decade that has made and produced some of the ghastly movies; our rating system has been a falter to our system. Kids have been renting and viewing most of these movies. The â€Å"Saw† movies were all a hit while I was in middle school, which bundled all 5th graders through 8th. Being the eldest through those grade levels, 15 at the maximum, and yet most of them had seen it. Then, the internet along with the computer where inserted into the equation. Accessibility to the internet and its perks were easily come into. Once websites had begun to be made for the specific reason of allowing pornography to be viewed for free on the web, it became even deadlier. The adult material (XXX) is beyond reasonable doubt to be unsuitable for any under aged children, yet even for adults. Such material proves to be aShow MoreRelatedThe Good, The Bad, And Social Media1534 Words   |  7 PagesGood, The Bad, and Social What Is Social Media in modern society of today? Social Media are networks of websites, news websites, blogs, and forums of information being acrossed the digital web often reaching the attention of the public, on a global scale. Social Media has become the beating heart of the modern era, pumping digital information to the rest of the world, and allowing society to access information from almost anywhere, but is this a good thing? Just as easily as social media can sendRead MoreBad Influence of Mass Media on Kids1499 Words   |  6 Pageswhere parents are forced to spend longer hours at work and fewer hours with their children. As a result, outside influences have greater access and influence over our children than ever before. The internet and the media are bringing the outside world into your home; your childs peers; the influences on children from movies and the music they listen to are growing in importance and influen ce every day, the negative effects of televisionRead MoreMedia Violence : Why It Is Bad For Children1283 Words   |  6 PagesMedia violence: why it is bad for children Violence can be seen everywhere even when we are not looking for it. Specifically on television, video games, and on the web. Something as simple as turning on the television and watching the morning news can even portray some violence. Many experts have debated over whether violent media has any effect on a child’s behavior. I think that many people don’t see this as an issue. Possibly because we have integrated violence as a part of society. But I feelRead MoreThe Bad Guy, or Not? Social Media Influence on Self-Perception981 Words   |  4 Pagesnot have an over-weight looking body. The right thing to do would be blaming media for giving young girls the idea of a perfect body and also, proving them with the illusion that a body is what they need to have a good, happy, and full-filling life. But, is it really all media’s fault? In today’s world, people are misreading what media is really about, and they have started to blame it for the bad that is in the world. A bad that is changing people’s eating habits because of body dissatisfaction, otherRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Corporate Bad News And A Ceo s Apology4956 Words   |  20 PagesSocial media has become prominently popular. Tens of millions of users login to social media sites like Twitter to disseminate breaking news and share their opinions and thoughts. For businesses, social media is potentially useful for monitoring the public perception and the social reputation of companies and products. Despite great potential, how bad news about a company influences the public sentiments in social media has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study is to assess people’s sentimentsRead MoreArgumentative Essay Buy Nothing Day702 Words   |  3 Pagesthan for the money they would ultimately lose. It would show businesses that we care and push them into changing. An event as big as this, where a whole country stops purchasing goods would also receive global media coverage. Just the pure fact that Buy Nothing Day would receive media coverage would be a victory in itself, since the consequences of overconsumption would be seen on TVs around the world. This worldwide attention would inform millions worldwide of the consequences of consumption.Read MoreBad Statistics and Deception in the Media988 Words   |  4 PagesBad Statistics Deception in the Media Dont Be Fooled By Bad Statistics In the video Dont Be Fooled By Bad Statistics posted by Emily Dressler three forms of bad statistics are discussed, poorly collected data, leading questions, and misuse if center. Information collected poorly will lead to misleading results and false conclusions. Dressler uses the example of data collected by researchers pertaining to magazine preference during business hours. The data is skewed because of the time of dayRead MoreFeatures Of A Good Design Essay838 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication with the author very apparent and easily found in the navigation. Secondly, selected media and graphics will render a module that is current and in keeping with the most innovative technology that accentuates the objectives of the website or learning module. There are many learning module authoring tools to use. The most ubiquitous tool is PowerPoint. PowerPoint may be overused. Modules in the list of bad designs are often due to the fact that there is a list of videos that are unattractivelyRead MoreRise of Disciplinary Problems1045 Words   |  5 Pageswho their children become friends with, this gives total freedom to the children to do whatever they like and wherever they like. The negative impact is that students will misuse the freedom given by their parents and may be influenced to carry out bad things that have been taught by their peers. Moreover, the second reason is that they have no interest in their studies. This causes them to skip school. They rather prefer going to cyber cafes than learn in school. In addition, there haveRead MoreEssay about Todays Technology3960 Words   |  16 Pages Now I’m going to talk about the cons. Study shows that American children uses eight hours of media in a day. By using television , video games , and computers. It also shows they most children cant keep up with fast moving and the nature of today’s technology. Which have diagnose some with depression and anxiety at a young age. Another thing its bad for is your brain. It leads you to cancer. In today world we use technology for a lot

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1076 Words

Introduction It is known that one out of every three teen girls get pregnant at least once before the age of 20 (Family Planning Plus). Believe it or not the United States has one of the highest birthrates. As of 2011 people predicted the birth rate was 131.4 million births per year. It was also estimated in 2011 that four births happened each second of every day (Ecology). In 1973 the topic of abortion went before the Supreme Court of the United States. The supreme court decided that abortion would be legal but may be restricted by the states to varying degrees. Abortions have been going on since the beginning of time. Getting an abortion is not something one can decide on overnight. It is a personal and life affecting decision that will†¦show more content†¦I am for the exceptions. You have the three exceptions. I’m for the exceptions. The health of the mother and life of the mother.† The Democratic Party strongly supports Roe. v. Wade’s opinion of a woman’s right to make a decision regarding her pregnancy. Abortion is a woman’s personal decision along with her family, her doctor, and her clergy. There is no reason for the government to get involved when the decision does not concern them. The Democratic Party stands strongly for a woman’s right to choose, regardless of her ability to pay. Rape victims 3 While walking into work one morning a doctor gets stopped by a woman in a black beret. She stopped her to say, â€Å"This is a clinic where they kill babies!† then also proceeded to say, â€Å"Are you pregnant? Do you need help?† The doctor laughed as she was just simply going into work. As a doctor you have to think about the patients and what they are going through. It’s hard sometimes but if it’s better for them in the long run it’s just something you have to do. A study of 44 cases of rape-related pregnancy estimated that in the United States, the pregnancy rate is 5.0% per rape among victims of reproductive age (12 to 45). Women want the choice According to the 2013-14 annual report, Planned Parenthood’s affiliated clinics provided 10.6 million services for 2.7 million clients in 2013. Those numbers are crazy! Out of 10.6 million services, 327,653 of them were abortion procedures. Supposably three percent of allShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Free Essays

Supply Chain Class Module 2, Lesson 3 Question #1 Develop a small group consensus on the impact (increases, decreases, no effect) of the Bullwhip Effect on two of the following six supply chain performance measures: manufacturing cost, inventory cost, replenishment lead time, transportation cost, shipping and receiving cost, level of product availability profitability. One of the two measures that your team chooses must be inventory cost. For inventory costs, be certain to be specific about the kinds of inventory costs impacted (in-storage cycle stock carrying costs, ordering costs, stockout costs, or safety stock carrying costs). We will write a custom essay sample on Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clearly explain your group’s reasoning or rationale for the impact you have agreed to; that is carefully explain why the bullwhip effect either increases, decreases of has no effect on the given performance measure. In each of your explanations, drill down into the factors that drive each measure, explaining how those factors are affected by the Bullwhip effect. MANUFACTURING COSTS It is the consensus of Team 10 that the bullwhip effect increases costs associated with the manufacturing of products. We know that the bullwhip effect results in an amplification of the variation of product and material demand as one travels upstream in the supply chain from consumer to material suppliers. In most cases the manufacturer of products will be removed from the actual consumer by multiple layers in the supply chain. The variation in demand (variation in orders) that the manufacturer will experience will be significantly greater than the variation in demand from the actual consumers. There are several costs incurred in the manufacturing of products. Among these costs are direct material costs, direct labor costs and overhead costs. The increased variability in quantity of products demanded from the manufacturer has an impact on each of these items. For most manufactured products, the cost of materials is a significant portion of the cost of the end item. As the demand for products varies from the manufacturer, these swings in demand are amplified and passed on to the material suppliers and various other sub-suppliers. During periods of high demand, the manufacturer is more likely to be forced to pay the material suppliers and sub-suppliers additional fees to expedite shipments. During periods of low demand, the manufacturer is more likely to find itself with a huge stock of unused material on hand. These variations also make it more difficult to negotiate competitive prices with the suppliers, further adding to the cost of the bullwhip effect. In an effort to protect against some of this variation, manufacturers will often stockpile materials, adding further warehousing and capital costs. Labor costs are another key component of the total cost of most products, including products which may be manufactured offshore in low-wage countries. In periods of extremely high demand, manufacturers are faced with an option of either hiring more employees or working their existing employee’s longer hours and paying overtime. Most companies are extremely reluctant to hire additional workers, particularly if they have reason to believe that the spike in demand will only be temporary. As a result, companies will typically choose to work longer hours and pay overtime wages to their employees. Paying overtime is costly, not only from a wage standpoint but also from an effectiveness standpoint. Employees are not robots, and diminishing marginal return should be expected when working employees longer hours. As hours go up, productivity typically declines at a rate that increases as the severity of the work schedule increases. The result is an increasing cost per unit of the products produced. Likewise, when product demand is extremely low, employees are not able to be utilized as effectively and labor cost per unit also increases. Further, there are the overhead costs which are affected by the variation in demand amplified by the bullwhip effect. When manufacturers create facilities and purchase processing equipment, they often â€Å"size† their operations based upon what they believe will be the highest levels of demand for their products. When demand for products varies greatly, the frequent result is that the processes, equipment and facilities are excessively large (and costly) compared to what the â€Å"legitimate† demand might actually require. This results not only in excessive costs to set up these operations, but it also can create a scenario where it becomes difficult to operate these facilities efficiently when the production requirements are lower. Another element for consideration is the â€Å"cost of quality. † Manufacturing operations thrive on consistency. When manufacturers have to contend with wildly-varying production schedules, there is an increase in the â€Å"state of flux† in the operations. This can take the form of delayed maintenance on machines, fatigued workers, using alternate suppliers for materials, etc. All of these elements that are exacerbated by large swings in production schedule can contribute to higher scrap rates, manufacturing errors, equipment downtime and, potentially, product defects that reach the consumer. INVENTORY COSTS Demand variability amplification can have a significant impact on increasing inventory costs. Business Dictionary. com defines inventory costs as the cost of holding goods in stock. Expressed usually as a percentage of the inventory value, it includes capital, warehousing, depreciation, insurance, taxation, obsolescence, and shrinkage costs. Typically, the inventory costs increase due to excessive or obsolete inventory as a result of poor demand forecasting. This situation is clearly defined in an article about Cisco’s need to write-off $2. billion in inventory in 2001. However, one must dive deeper into specific inventory performance measures to better understand the effects of the bullwhip effect on inventory costs. Safety Stock Safety stock can be defined as inventory held as buffer against mismatch between forecasted and actual consumption or demand, between expected and actual delivery time, and unforeseen emergencies. From a positive standpoint, safety st ock can help to potentially reduce stock out situations however is also contributes to the bullwhip effect. Specifically with demand forecast updating using exponential smoothing, ordering of safety stock will create larger swings for suppliers and even move for orders placed to the manufacturer (Lee, p 95). Furthermore, poorly ordered safety stock that becomes excess or obsolete can lead to increased expense or in a worst-case scenario, written-off or scrapped completely. Stockout Cost Stockout cost, also called shortage cost, is defined as the economic consequences of not being able to meet an internal or external demand from the current inventory. Such costs consist of internal costs (delays, labor time wastage, lost production, etc. and external costs (loss of profit from lost sales, and loss of future profit due to loss of goodwill). One cause of stockout cost can be attributed to poorly updated demand forecast where the appropriate amount of inventory was not planned for the current demand. This is in contrast to the safety stock example which leads to an increase in inventory and ex cess or obsolete material. Another cause is rationing and shortage gaming where the demand for the product exceeded the supply (Lee, p97). The stockout cost is the expense of the lost sales or the potential of losing the customer loyalty completely to a fierce competitor. Module 2, Lesson 3 Question #2 At the end of the article â€Å"Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains† by Lee, et. al. , is Table 1. In this table Lee presents a number of initiatives, such as vendor-managed inventory, for counteracting the four causes of the Bullwhip Effect. Select one or more of the initiatives and develop a small group consensus on a list of the top five impediments to the initiatives that you have selected; five impediments in total, not five impediments for each initiative that you select. Select two impediments and for each impediment please explicitly explain why the impediment is difficult to overcome. Finally in your group’s opinion, which of your impediments is typically the most difficult to overcome? Please explain why. BULLWHIP EFFECT COUNTERMEASURES; EDI, VMI, ECHELON-BASED INVENTORY SYSTEMS There is a range of initiatives to mitigate the effects of the â€Å"bullwhip effect,† or amplified distortions in replenishing orders. Through EDI and vendor –managed inventory (VMI), distortions may be reduced through transparent sharing of real time demand information through the entire supply chain. Demand distortion begins with faulty assumptions underlying future demand projections. One counter-measure for this challenge is real time exchange of information and increased transparency at point of sale. Many retailers use data generated at point of sale to automatically adjust their inventories and trigger reorder as inventories are depleted. Simultaneous transmission of this data to the supplier would facilitate a clearer view of consumption and retail inventory. Point of sale EDI shared across the supply chain from the manufacturer to retail outlet, would smooth the orders and prevent demand distortion that occurs with regression driven forecasts. Increased control of the total inventory can be achieved with echelon inventory management, through cooperative information sharing and a jointly agreed upon single point of inventory control. One model for this is vendor-managed inventory (VMI) which is a continuous replenishment of inventory based upon a push from the supply to the retail outlet based on EDI signals at point of sale and inventory depletion. ECHELON-BASED INVENTORY SYSTEMS Echelon-based inventory systems allow transparency of the inventory flow of the down-stream levels in the supply chain by the upstream levels. This acts to reduce the bullwhip effect by preventing exaggeration of demand fluctuations by multiple levels in the chain. This is a useful policy, but it can be difficult to implement. First, one must consider the integrity of the source of the information. If an upstream member of the chain intends to rely on reports generated by the downstream member, trust must be a mutual component of the relationship. The downstream company may feel that it doesn’t want to share the information about their own inventory and/or demand, especially if it engages (or has any intention of engaging) in a practice of shortage gaming. Some elements of the shared data can be filtered, if this is found to be helpful to the downstream member. If the downstream member engages in price hedging or shortage gaming, the increased transparency to the upstream member would inhibit or completely prevent the downstream company from harnessing the perceived buffer that the practice enables. Some elements of the shared data can be filtered, if mutually agreeable to all members of the supply chain. Through non-disclosure agreements and data parsing, streams of proprietary data can be â€Å"cleansed† to be less sensitive. Connectivity of various operating systems is another hurdle. Many suppliers and retailers will not allow â€Å"direct feed† of data into their core operating systems, requiring a data merge in a safe environment that then can share data between the operating systems of the companies exchanging data. The work of scrubbing data and developing the necessary connectivity also requires IT resources. One must also consider the utility of information that is constantly changing. The value of inventory data to the upstream member could be limited as it changes continuously and obsolesces almost as soon as it’s generated. The upstream member must always be willing to loosely interpret the inventory and demand data since an unusually large order, or an unusual decline in orders, could occur at any time. Also, downstream members’ transparency leads the upstream member to increase the frequency with which they update their demand forecasting. Frequently updating these forecasts is itself a bullwhip effect-exacerbating practice, so the upstream member would need to exercise discretion in its policies on how it reacts to the information that it receives from downstream. Implementation of these initiatives requires addressing and overcoming certain impediments:   Trust between supply chain partners or perceived competitive risk Data integrity challenges with changing/obsolete data Reduced downstream gaming ability (shortage and price hedge forward buying) Information technology resources to facilitate connectivity Increased frequency of upstream re-forecast due to downstream transparency The two most difficult impediments are the first two; trust amongst supply chain partners, and the challenges of sharing meaningful data. Trust – Perceived Competitive Risk The challenge with establishing trust amongst supply chain partners is one of competitive risk. The real time data on point of sale, inventories held, or pricing activities engaged are all considered proprietary. The sharing of that data requires trust through the entire supply chain, and a willingness to incur significant legal, technological, and analytical resources to develop and deliver data that is accurate and meaningful. Lack of transparency and trust on the part of down stream members is the primary driver of the shortage and price gaming, to build inventories and prevent stock-outs or hedge for future price increases. In order to share transparent information through the supply chain, legal and technological hurdles must be addressed to reduce competitive risk, and allow necessary trust through protective agreements (NDA) and safe systems connectivity. Through non-disclosure agreements and data parsing streams of proprietary data can be â€Å"cleansed† to be less sensitive and reduced competitive risk. ) Data Integrity – Changing and Obsolete Information The real time exchange of information supports accurate forecasts and timely order replenishment only if that data is meaningful. Data is meaningful if it clearly conveys the supply/demand picture. Upstream suppliers must be able to see the sale/demand data and existing inventory data in real time in order to push order replenishment. If downstream members obscure the inventories to retain shortage gaming power, this will impact the accuracy of the inventory replenishment trigger to the upstream supplier. Connected systems are susceptible to cross-system failures. Errant data in one system pollutes the forecast assumptions of the connected systems. Cadence of exchange, or timing of the data flows is a factor in relevance. If sales or order cancellations have changed inventories significantly since the last update, the information exchanged can be obsolete. The â€Å"bullwhip effect† is culmination of iterative forecast variations, and self-protecting defensive actions on the part of supply chain members to hedge uncertainty. With increased trust and transparency, the forecast variations and uncertainty can be reduced. With collaboration through the entire supply chain, trust can be built, real time, meaningful data exchanged, and the cost of surplus inventories taken out of the chain. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Comments on Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect† by Lee, H. L. Padmanabhan, V. and Whang, S. , p 1888 [ 2 ]. http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/safety-stock. html#ixzz286djGuPB). [ 3 ]. http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/stockout-costs. html#ixzz286iDNySD How to cite Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain, Essay examples

Growth of Hotel Business in Australia

Question: Discuss about theGrowth of Hotel Business in Australia. Answer: Introduction The hotel industry in Australia is growing in such a fast pace that the major players in this industry is looking to expand their businesses to take the opportunity of this growth. One of the major reasons of this growth in the hotel industry is the increasing number of tourists from Asia along with the increasing number of business meetings and conferences (Assaf, Josiassen and Agbola 2015). As per a recent research of CRBE, it can be observed that the growth in the hotel sector of Australia will remain same in spite of a recent strengthening in the Australian dollar. Looking at this impressive pace of growth, many international hotel groups are planning to make an entry in the hotel market of Australia (Breakey, Robinson and Brenner 2014). As per a later report, it has been said that the average occupancy level of hotels in Sydney is about to reach 88.8 percent by the end of the year 2020. It is evident that the revenue of the hotel industry in Australia increased by almost 60 perc ent between the yeas of 2009 to 2013; and looking at the current trend, it can be said that this growing revenue trend will remain same up to the year 2020 (Liu et al. 2014). Problem Statement: The problem statement in this research work is to analyze the growth of hotel business in Australia over the years and the factors that affects the growth. Research Aim and Objective: The main aim of the research work is to determine the growth of the hotel business in Australia and the factors behind such growth. The objective of the research is to analyze the growth of hotel business in Australia. Literature Review: Australia is a large country surrounded by water bodies on all its sides. The country is a tourist spot and is visited by people all over the world. The growth of tourism industry is one of the main causes of growth of hotel business in Australia (Li et al. 2015). The tourism has shown a rapid growth due to international tourist arrival from the countries of Asia Pacific. The arrival of international tourists from countries such as China has led to the growth of the hotel and resort industry in Australia over the last five years (McManus 2013). The country also receives domestic customers from all over the country. The hotel business however has seen a weak growth during a five year period from 2011-12 (Sanliz zgen and Kozak 2015). The hotel and resort business however requires a huge amount of capital at the initiation. It has been calculated that for every 1 dollar required for the capital about $6.5 has to be spend for the wages of the workers in the hotel (Su, Hall and Ozanne 2013). There are a lot of laborers required in a hotel for management, front house operations and others. In the present years, the tourism industry has grown three times. The growth rate has shown an increasing trend over the years (Tan 2015). The hotels are developing all over the country due to increased number of travelers from the countries of India, China and other Asian countries. In the current year it is very profitable to get into this business. The arrival of tourist has increased over the last nine years. The hotel business in Sydney is going to occupy 88.8 % of the total population by the end of 2016. This is the highest growth rate over the years. There are 75 mooted projects over the ten major places in Australia. The hotels has almost 16 374 rooms in all total. The country lies among the top hotel development countries all over the world (Manoharan, Gross and Sardeshmukh 2014). There is also an organization that guides the growth of this hotel business in Australia. The AHA or Australian hotel Association guides some rules for the development of hotel business in Australia. There are about 5000 members under Australian Hotel Association. There are about 6807 hotels in Australia and there are more than 180000 people employed in that hotel industry. There are also many casinos and gaming machines in the hotels that attracts the customers (Zhou et al. 2014). The prices of food and beverages in the hotels are also reasonable. The prices are however high in the hotels that has gaming machines and casinos. Moreover majority of the hotels in Australia alls under small and medium sized business employing less than 30 people. The major source f income in these hotels is the food and beverages. A lot of revenue is also generated from gambling in these hotels. The hotels arrange activities and events for the tourists like trivia nights, sporting group meetings and oth ers. Most of the hotels are accompanied with gaming machines, pool tables, conference meeting facilities and others. It has been estimated that the hotels serve 1000 meals per week (Turner and Guilding 2014). However a current report says that the hotel business has shrunk by 10 [percent over the past few years. The employment in these hotels are however the same over the years. The income from the poker machines is also decreasing. The major causes for this have been cited as the decline is the removal of ATM and other facilities from the hotels (Ndivo and Manyara, 2016). Variables and Hypothesis: The main variables in this research work are the number of hotels in the country, number of employees in those hotels, salary of the employees, the revenue earned from the hotel and others. The main focus of the study is to determine the growth of hotel industry. The growth can be studied from the number of hotels in the country. The number of hotels in the country is taken as a dependent variable and the revenue earned from these hotels, the salary of the employees, number of employees in the hotel and others as the independent variables. The main hypothesis for the research work is given below: H0: The hotel industry in Australia has not shown any growth over the years. H1: The hotel industry in Australia has shown a major growth over the years. Operational Definitions and Measurements: The variables concerned in this research work are the revenue generated from the hotels which are measured in Australia dollars. The salary of the workers is also measured in Australian dollars. The other variables like the number of hotels, number of workers in the hotels are all numeric variables. These variables are measured in numbers. There are also some categorical variables like the opinion of the employees regarding their salary in this industry. Since the figures are for the whole country, a 5% error in the figures is tolerable. There are no constraints involved in doing the research work. Research Design and Methodology: The methodologies for the research and the data collection methods are being discussed in this section. The research methodology employed for doing this research work is both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The research involves collection of both primary as well as secondary data. The secondary data about the number of hotels, average revenue generated from the hotels are collected from the official sites and other online sources. The data about the number of workers in the hotels, the average salary of the workers and the opinion of the workers regarding their job are collected with the help of questionnaire. The primary data has been collected for this part of the research. The primary data has been collected by the method of sampling. The probability sampling has been performed for this research work. The cluster sampling method has been employed for this research work. Each of the state of the country is taken as each cluster. Then from each of this cluster, a sample of 10 hotels has been chosen. The questionnaire is then distributed among the workers of the hotels. Analysis: The data so collected will be analyzed using various descriptive statistics tools like the mean, median, standard deviation, correlation and others. A comparison of the previous and the past year values will help to understand about the progress of the hotel business in Australia. A regression analysis will be done by taking the number of hotels as the dependent variable and the other variables like revenue earned, salary of workers as the independent variables. Research Process: The research process describes the methods by which the entire research has to be undertaken. The first step in the research is the identification of the research problem. The research problem has to be identified in the first week of the research. The next problem is to conduct an extensive literature review. This will be completed within the fourth week of the research. The data collection process starts after that. The questionnaire will be developed and the data will be collected after that. This will be completed within the tenth week of the research. The next step involves the analysis of the data. This will be completed within the twelfth week of the research. The final project will be completed within the 14th week of the research. Expected Outcomes: It is expected that research will have a positive outcome. The null hypothesis of the research will be rejected. This indicates that the hotel business will show a growth over the years. Conclusion: The research will be conducted to know about the growth of hotel business in Australia. The past records show that the hotel business has shown a rapid growth due the increased number of tourists from Asia Pacific region. The proposal gives an idea about the data collection methods and the analysis of such data. The expected outcome from this research is also given in this proposal. References: Assaf, A.G., Josiassen, A. and Agbola, F.W., 2015. Attracting international hotels: locational factors that matter most.Tourism Management,47, pp.329-340. Breakey, N.M., Robinson, R.N. and Brenner, M.L., 2014. Approaches in the Design and Delivery of Hotel/Hospitality Management Undergraduate Degree Programmes within Australia.The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Hospitality Education, pp.305-320. Li, G., Law, R., Vu, H.Q., Rong, J. and Zhao, X.R., 2015. Identifying emerging hotel preferences using Emerging Pattern Mining technique.Tourism management,46, pp.311-321. Liu, W., Guillet, B.D., Xiao, Q. and Law, R., 2014. Globalization or localization of consumer preferences: The case of hotel room booking.Tourism Management,41, pp.148-157. Manoharan, A., Gross, M.J. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2014. Identity-conscious vs identity-blind: Hotel managers use of formal and informal diversity management practices.International Journal of Hospitality Management,41, pp.1-9. McManus, L., 2013. Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.140-152. Ndivo, R.M. and Manyara, G., 2016. Appraising the role of public sector in Kenyas competitiveness as a tourism investment destination: Hotel investors perspectives.Tourism and Hospitality Research, p.1467358416663818. Sanliz zgen, H.K. and Kozak, M., 2015. Social media practices applied by city hotels: a comparative case study from Turkey.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,7(3), pp.229-241. Su, Y.P., Hall, C.M. and Ozanne, L., 2013. Hospitality industry responses to climate change: A benchmark study of Taiwanese tourist hotels.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,18(1-2), pp.92-107 Tan, J., 2015. Impacts of service innovation in the Australian luxury hotel sector.CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes: Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, p.726. Turner, M.J. and Guilding, C., 2014. An investigation of Australian and New Zealand hotel ownership.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,21, pp.76-89. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P.L. and Wu, M.Y., 2014. Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data.International Journal of Hospitality Management,38, pp.1-10.

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample

Mr. Ansaldo CSU ERWC Period 2 30 November 2012 Wrongful Doing One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey is a book in which the patients of an insane asylum rebel and try to â€Å"break† their leader, Nurse Ratched. Nurse Ratched is basically the form of government in the institution and the patients do not like how she is controlling them so they find ways to make her crack. Kesey shows similarities between the Declaration of Independence and what is going on in the book, McMurphy and the other patients are trying to replace the authority in the ward just as the people have America have the right to do with the government. McMurphy tries to get Nurse Ratched to crack and show her weakness. He tries anything and everything to make her explode so people see she isn’t as strong as she looks. Big Nurse finds ways to gain control over the patients in the ward but doesn’t always succeed as Ken Kesey explains when he says, â€Å"The Big Nurse’s eyes swelled out white as he got close†¦This was supposed to establish her rule once and for all† (201). We will write a custom essay sample on One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Big Nurse â€Å"Nurse Ratched† isn’t able to control McMurphy which means she isn’t in complete control of all the men on the ward and this angers her. If she can’t control this one man she doesn’t have complete control which helps McMurphy and the other men get one step closer to replacing her. There are times when Nurse Ratched under estimates what she is dealing with, such as other colleagues being on the side of the men in the ward. Not all of the workers are afraid of Big Nurse nor do they obey her every command. The doctor for example, disregards what she says and does what he feels is necessary. When Nurse Ratched says they can’t go on the fishing trip, the doctor replies by saying, â€Å"Good deal of paperwork I can get done on the boat† (234). The doctor disregards the Nurse’s authority and doesn’t give her a chance to respond to what he had told her, therefore stripping away more of her power. The doctor not listening to the Nurse’s wishes makes her powerless and a powerless leader is not a leader at all. The Nurse now has to find other means of gaining control of the ward. When trying to gain control, Big Nurse is continually stopped by McMurphy so she begins to find ways around him in order to gain the control she desires. No matter how many tactics she tries it seems as though she will not succeed at gaining control. Nurse Ratched feels as though attending a meeting and voicing her opinion will give her an advantage, the situation is described as, â€Å"Big Nurse tried to make her play in the group meeting†¦ McMurphy was there at the meeting and he beat before she got good and started† (263). By not being able to give her input, Nurse Ratched slowly loses more power over the men on the ward. McMurphy is slowly but surely stripping the Nurse of the power she has over the ward. It seems as though McMurphy has succeeded in taking power away from Big Nurse but this might not be as true as it seems. The Nurse begins to gain back some of her control over the ward by defeating her only opponent, McMurphy. To defeat someone there isn’t always a call for hostility, at times it might help to â€Å"kill them with kindness† in other words, be nice to them until they crack. Kesey shows an example of this when he writes, â€Å"The Big Nurse talks to McMurphy soft and patient about the irresponsible thing he did†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (280). Nurse Ratched is trying to convince McMurphy that he has indeed done something bad. By making him look bad she gains more control over the ward especially over those who look up to him for â€Å"defeating† her. The people have the choice to replace there â€Å"government† or control system if it is not leading them the way they believe the leader should. In order to replace the leader there has to be enough people to help with getting rid of them and the person have to have done something that is completely wrong. They can try to replace the leader but might not always succeed. One flew over the cuckoos nest free essay sample Have you ever wondered the difference between sanity and inanity? The difference might not seem to big when you think about it but in all reality, being sane is almost looking at completely normal compared to being insane, and having many too just one mental illnesses and seeing complete non normal. Reading One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and listening to Eyln Saks, Ted talk you can see how insanity can effect ones life. Just because you are diagnosed with a mental illness does not make you completely insane. In both stories, the main characters are diagnosed with schizophrenia. In the story One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Chief Bromden is a diagnosed schizophrenic. Bromden pretends to be deaf so the nurses of the asylum dont bother him. He is the longest-residing patient and keeps a lot to himself. While pretending to be deaf, leads him to the knowledge of secrets about the ward. We will write a custom essay sample on One flew over the cuckoos nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although he has a lot of mental distractions from his past, the new patient, Randal McMurphy has created new problems for the ward to go through. McMurphy thinks he can step up and try and ruin nurse Ratched. Little does he know she is a stronger woman than he thinks. Being the nurse in the ward she has all the control over the patients, and she makes the rules. That doesnt stop McMurphy though, he tries once more, and fights nurse Ratched one last time. After sneaking prostitutes into the ward and getting the patients drunk, nurse Ratched guilt tripped the patients and threatens on patient into committing suicide. McMurphy then pushed nurse Ratched into putting him in lobotomy. When he gets back to the ward, the chief cant watch him go years like himself in the ward, so he kills McMurphy and escapes the ward. This is an amazing example of how insanity looks. Bromden has no control over himself, he has been in the ward for years and still has problems that he cant control. Even though he spent a lot of time to himself. He may think he could handle being in the outside world, but claims he doesnt have the guts, this is an example of how he wouldnt be able to stay sane enough to be alone, he feels safe Im the ward. In Elyn Saks speech, she wanted to make it clear that just because she has what is considered a mental illness, does not make her any different than a normal human being. While Saks was younger and being hospitalized many times, she was told that she wouldnt be able to do what most adults are able to do such as, keeping a job, live on her own, getting married to a loving partner, and so on. She then proved everyone wrong. This is where her story comes into play. She has proved that just because she has a mental illness does not mean that she cant do what her heart desires. While her success has a lot to do with the help of treatment and medication, she has over come and learned to accept the fact that she has schizophrenia. Elyn Saks is a great example of some sanity. She is capable of living on her own it took her many times in the hospital to learn that she can do it on her own but feels safe in the real world. In both stories they both had mental break downs and were hospitalized as though one was hospitalized a lot longer, it shows the difference between sanity and insanity. Elyn Saks had a grip on herself. She can handle and accept that she has schizophrenia and can reach out for help, when she needs it. Chief Bromden cant control himself and need to be in the asylum, under the super vision of the nurse. It is the doctors hands to try and get the patients with schizophrenia to develop relationships and engage them in meaningful work. It is important for patients to find their own way of coping to manage their diagnosis and find a quality of life to aim for. So just because you are diagnosed with a mental illness that is no reason that you should feel that you are not like other human beings. Although some may need more support than others, Elyn Saks speech is a great motivation to those to just have a nice reminder that you are human, and there is no such thing as being one hundred present normal. Everyone has flaws but with the right help and support, you can push though them and see the real meaning of life. One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample An Amazing Film After watching the stunning 1975 film, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, I realized that this film has a meaningful message of individualism. Psychologist B. F. Skinner believed, that psychology should observed behaviors that could be measured and verified (Hockenbury and Hockenbury 8). Skinner also argued that behavior is a simply influenced by the environment (P. 19). I do believe that from the 1970’s until the present day this film has influenced many people and societies. It has made people realize the importance of understanding human behavior and its mental processes. For many decades psychologists have been studying the human brain and human behavior and for some of them the performance of a lobotomy was in past years a solution to mental illness problems. However, lobotomies are still being performed at many mental institutions throughout the country, and I personally believe that this is a crucial way to treat patients with mental illness. We will write a custom essay sample on One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As an example, in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, doctors performed a lobotomy on Randall Patrick McMurphy in order to solve his behavior problem, but it only changed his life in a negative way, making him a vegetable. Psychologists should have tried a different procedure before even proceeding with such a practice. Maybe they should have considered the practice of Psychoanalysis to understand the causes of McMurphy’ behavior. Sad but true, it was too late for McMurphy to get himself out of this mess and he did not have the opportunity to try any other program that might would have helped him. Randall Patrick McMurphy, played by Jack Nicholson was forced to choose an alternative place facility for medical testing after having been convicted of recidivist criminal, statutory rape, and assault. He appears to be an insane patient but obviously he was only faking, and with this kind of behavior he makes me realize that he might need help. He obviously thought that everyone in the mental facility was a joke for him, and that he could fool them all by making them think he was insane. It seems that McMurphy has had an attitude problem for years, especially when it comes to people that has authority over him. A good example of his behavior was his arrogant attitude towards Dr. Spivey, the main psychologist doctor of the ward and nurse Mildred Ratched, the main nurse of the facility, because they both weren’t convinced of his mental problem. With this particular behavior I can relate McMurphy’s attitude with one of the branches of psychology, such as is the school of Psychoanalysis. According to Sigmund Freud, he developed an intriguing theory of personality based on uncovering causes if behavior that were unconscious, or hidden from the person’s conscious awareness Fred’s school of psychology called psychoanalysis, emphasized and determining behavior and personality that people like McMurphy can be related to. It also seemed that personal control could be a part of McMurphy’s mental disorder. McMurphy had no personal control over stressful situations and this could explain a lot of his behavior. McMurphy was sent out to a mental hospital, instead of a different facility such as prison, but on the other hand he also seems to express positive emotions, self-confidence, and feeling of self-efficacy, in which makes him having a sense personal control as well. According to the textbook Discovering Psychology, the perception of personal control in a stressful situation must be realistic to be adaptive (P. 88). McMurphy was a manic free spirit that encourages better self-steam for mostly voluntary inmates, by trying proving a point to them, that â€Å"in life is always better to try doing something than just listening to someone else to tell you what to do in life†. McMurphy seemed to have a good relationship with his inmates, with women from the outside, and always looked like he w as in a good mood, but this behavior was also a part of his mental disorder. McMurphy’s character has an id personality in which is the most primitive and difficult to explain. The id instinctual drive for his character is â€Å"The Death Instinct†, which Freud called Thanatos, because its destructive energy that is reflected in aggressive, reckless, and life threatening behaviors, including self-destructive actions, in this case putting the patients life at steak. An example of this action is driving away the stolen hospital’s bus, going into a harbor, and taking possession of a fishing boat without any authorization. Who does something like this? Only a person with possible mental issues such as McMurphy put his fellow patients into a life-threatening situation. However, McMurphy also had ego defense mechanism such as repression because of his impulses and thoughts to act towards any situation. He may have developed this defense mechanism from previous traumatic events, past failures, embarrassments, or disappointments in life. As the book explains that the use of defense mechanism is very common. Many psychologically healthy people temporarily use ego defense mechanisms to deal with stressful events. Using ego defense mechanism is often a way of buying time while we consciously or unconsciously wrestle with more realistic solutions for whatever is troubling us (P. 404). On the other hand, I can understand his prosocial behavior, because he seemed to help the patients, whatever the underlying motive was. But is not necessary altruistic because he helped them out of guilt, to gain something, recognition, reward, or having the favor returned, as he demonstrated in the beginning of the film, trying to use chief Bromden to escape from the ward. As the movie continued, his personality changed in the way that he became an altruistic person, but this time it seemed like he was helping the inmates to become stronger and more independent with no expectations of personal reward or benefit and being motivated purely by the desire to help them in their needs. An example of this action is the message McMurphy had for them in the tub room, â€Å"live free or die†, and â€Å"that escape still possible even from the most had circumstances†. Nurse Ratched was the powerful person in the facility. She humiliates the patients in every therapy session by bringing up their own fears, and she seems to use it as a weapon to control them. Nurse Ratched became a tyrant over the patients and at the same time McMurphy instigates the group by telling them he will defeat her in a week. McMurphy wants to make sure that nurse Ratched looses control of her patients, as she constantly suppresses her patients by humiliation, as she demonstrates it with Billy Bibbit. Bibbit seems to be afraid of his mother, and nurse Ratched uses his mother to intimidate him. Nurse Ratched seems to be using an improper technique of psychotherapy to treat her patients. Psychotherapy refers to the use of psychological techniques to treat emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems (P. 548). Also, psychotherapy helps patients to overcome their problems and emotions, not to make it more difficult for them as she seemed to do it every day by using intimidation. In my opinion, the first thing that I would have done to help McMurphy is trying to gain his respect and trust and work on his personal and mental behavior using psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. I would also suggest using Raymond Cattell’s questionnaire to evaluate and have an idea on assessing personality of McMurphy. With McMurphy and probably other patients, I feel the staff should have had more patience. Each and every case obviously should be handle differently, but in McMurphy’s case, I personally feel that this is the type of patient that doctors have to use psychology to become very close to him. Also, I feel the nurse Ratched almost seemed not to truly care about individual treatments. Finally, my goal of therapy would be help him overcoming his behavior issues. Helping him wave his fears away, by the relief symptoms of attitude against control. I think group therapy is a great treatment for his attitude problem, like nurse Ratched said â€Å"The time spent in the company of others is very therapeutic while time spent brooding alone only increases a feeling of separation†. I do believe the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, was a great example of the sadness that is related with mental illness. However, it’s amazing how most people with psychological symptoms and behavior issues do not look for mental help like Randall Patrick McMurphy. Works Cited Hockenbury, Don. , and Sandra Hockenbury. Discovering Psychology. 4th ed. New York: NY, 2007. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. Dir. Milos Forman. Perf. Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher. United Artist, Nov. 19, 1975. One flew over the cuckoos nest free essay sample She d- did. He looked around him. And M-M-McCarthy! He did And Harding! And the-the- the rest! They t-t-teased me, called me peg. 302) They m-m-made me! Please, M-Miss Ratchet, they may-may-Mayl(Keyes peg. 302) McCarthy is shown as a martyr like Jesus was because the patients really dont become free until he dies. Before the treatment Is administered to him McCarthy climbs on the table without help and spreads his arms out to hit the shadow. A witch snaps the clasps on his wrists, ankles, clamping him Into the shadow (Keyes peg. 272) When the graphite salve is put on his temples and they tell him its a conductance he says Emollients my head with conductance. Do I get a crown of thorns (Keyes peg. 272) They also give him a rubber hose to bit on, Just as Christ was given a sponge soaked in vinegar to suck on. As Christ saved mankind from sin and taught them to have hope in an eternal life. We will write a custom essay sample on One flew over the cuckoos nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McCarthy saves the patients from the repressive society and teaches them to have hope in themselves. In conclusion, those were my reasons of why I think that the Christ imagery in this book is effective. Firstly, when the fishing trip was planned and McCarthy went with Bits turning on McCarthy near the end by admitting that he was part of Mushroom plan was like Judas admitting that he was involved with Jesus. Thirdly, towards the end of the story McCarthy is a martyr Just like Jesus because the patients arent free until he dies. That is how Christ imagery is effective in One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest. One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample But McMurphys revolution against Big Nurse and everything she stands for quickly turns from sport to a fierce power struggle with shattering results. With One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Kesey created a work without precedent in American literature, a novel at once comic and tragic that probes the nature of madness and sanity, authority and vitality. Greeted by unanimous acclaim when it was first published, the book has become and enduring favourite of readers. Throughout the Novel it becomes apparent that the ward is actually a microcosm for 950s society. Through this Kesey displays a variety of his opinions through themes.These themes allow Kesey to show the reader the inadequacies and misdirection of the then societies ideologies and how our filtered society has made every citizen a slave to authority. The themes displayed by Kesey include Sexual freedom versus sexual repression, independence versus acquiescence and finally selfishness versus selflessness. We will write a custom essay sample on One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One theme presented in one flew over the Cuckoos nest is that of Sexual Repression vs. Sexual Freedom. One of the prevailing motifs of Keseys novel involves the metaphorical contrast between clamped-down sexual mores and freewheeling, instinctive, natural sexual freedom.The conflict is represented by the war between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched. The Big Nurse represents a frigid, controlled sexuality, an attempt to button up natural instincts and resist impulse through conscious order. She cannot, however, disguise her huge breasts, which show through her uniform no matter how much she covers up. McMurphy, the symbol of total sexual abandon juxtaposes her. An example of sexual freedom versus sexual repression is seen through the presentation of the two types of females throughout the novel. Females are presented in two groups, either as prostitutes or nurses. The prostitutes who are sexually open are presented as the trustworthy and admirable females, whilst the nurses, who subdue their sexuality represented as the villainous tyrants. At the end of the novel, McMurphy frees nearly all the main characters sexuallybringing a prostitute for fellow inmates, encouraging the men to rediscover the emasculated souls theyve surrendered to Nurse Ratchedhe must pay for his free sexuality by losing a part of his brain. Kesey suggests that fully unfettered sexuality is too dangerous for modern society to tolerate.Another theme presented in One flew over the cuckoos nest is Independence vs. Acquiescence. Throughout the novel, we consistently root for the inmates to find freedom, either through a mass escape or by overthrowing the regime and winning a new order in the institution. This is all subverted, however, when McMurphy discovers that he and Scanlon are the only two involuntarily committed inmates. The rest of the inmates are there by choice. They would rather be quiescent followers, surrendering themselves to institutional oppression, than independent in a society where they do not quite fit and may not be able to function.McMurphy sees emasculation as the prime reason for the choice to stay. The Nurse has found a way to mentally castrate each and every one of the inmatesincluding Rawlins, who commits suicide by physical emasculation. McMurphy may perceive that the best way to free the other men is to expose Nurse Ratched as flesh and blood rather than an inevitable oppressorsomeone with her own flaws and pains. McMurphy attempts to work within the Nurses system, trying to out manipulate and outfox her with his various schemes. But ultimately, the only way to change the acquiescence of his fellow inmates is to lead by example. He feels presure to acquiesce and avoid pain, but he choose to follow his independent spirit, which explodes in brute force when he rips the Nurses clothes open. This act prevents the rest of the inmates from ever seeing her as merely the robotic hand of authority. She has a body now, and they can no longer follow her blindly, understanding that she is just as mortal as they are. A third theme presented in one flew over the Cuckoos nest is Selfishness versus selflessness. McMurphy’s character is worth considering in comparing the drives for selflessness and selfishness.When McMurphy enters the hospital, he has the goal of causing chaos in order to disrupt Nurse Ratcheds carefully designed schemes, which quash the inmates spirits. At first it seems that he does so primarily for amusement, or in order to establish himself as Top Dog and ensure that he has the power in the ward. He also consistently fleeces the other inmates in gambling games. Over time, however, we suspect that money, power, and amusement are not—or are no longer—his primary motivation for taking on Ratched. He develops a sincere desire to resuscitate these fallen, empty, drained souls.In one of the most significant moments of the novel, when he is frustrated that the men are not trying to get out, he throws all their money back at them, in a demonstration that he cares more about them than self-interest alone would dictate. Once McMurphy realizes that he might never get out, being involuntarily committed subject to Ratcheds will, he for a while follows his self-interest. But this is temporary, for he ultimately sacrifices himself in order to allow the inmates to see their chance for escape from the ward in both body and soul.In conclusion, the novel One flew over the cuckoos nest by Ken Kesey displays a variety of themes. Often most shown in the ward a microcosm for society are Keseys analysis and personal opinion of the 1950s community misdirection of its priorities and his struggle to conform to their ideologies. These include sexual repression versus sexual freedom, independence versus acquiescence, and finally selfishness versus selflessness. All these themes display Keseys personal beliefs but also how our perception of right and wrong may not always be accurate.

Writing a College Essay: How to Present Yourself in the Best Light Possible

Writing a College Essay: How to Present Yourself in the Best Light PossibleWriting a college essay is no easy task, but with the help of a College Essay Costvo service, it is easier than ever. In fact, as we write this it is 5:40 AM and we are still in a great brainstorming phase.As a college student, you want to be able to present yourself in the best light possible, and so having a new college essay written for you can be quite daunting. You may be eager to share your true feelings, knowledge, and perspectives, but it is much easier when you get advice from someone who has been there and done that before. These people can easily identify your weaknesses and strengths, and they will be able to make suggestions and tips that will put you in the right direction.An essay is an important step in the college admissions process, and if you want to succeed, you need to make sure you have all of the proper tools to get you into a great school. With the help of College Essay Costvo, you will be able to present yourself in the best light possible, and the idea is that you can do this without having to spend a lot of money.To do this, you need to have the appropriate essay template that is adaptable to your specific needs. By using the services of College Essay Costvo, you will be able to get advice on how to present yourself in the best light possible. You will also be able to come up with topics that may not be covered in your school's curriculum.Once you have a plan in place for your essay, it is important that you do not procrastinate. Even if it may seem as though you have already done your homework, and then when you get ready to sit down to write, the anxiety can cause you to procrastinate even more.Byutilizing the College Essay Costvo service, you will be able to determine which types of materials are needed for your essay, and you will have options for where you will purchase these materials. With the help of this service, you will be able to have a basic outlin e written and then make changes as necessary for the essay.You will know how long the essay will take, and with the help of this service, you will know when you should have the draft completed. All you need to do is agree to pay for it and your own materials and you will be ready to begin.Writing college essays can be a daunting task, but with the help of College Essay Costvo, you will be able to use the best essay template to present yourself in the best light possible. This will put you in the best position to get into a great college.